Maɓalli na fasaha na aikace-aikacen polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer

(Maɓalli na fasaha na aikace-aikacen polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer)

Ana iya raba abubuwan wakilcin polycarboxylic superplasticizer zuwa kashi biyu bisa ga tsarin sarkar su na farko: ɗayan yana dogara ne akan acrylic ko methacrylic acid a matsayin babban sarkar kuma an dasa shi da polyethers na tsawon sarkar gefe daban-daban. Wani nau'in shine polyethers tare da anhydride na maleic a matsayin babban sarkar da aka dasa tare da tsayin sarkar gefe daban-daban. Bisa ga wannan, an sami jerin manyan ayyuka na ruwa masu rage yawan wakilai tare da halaye daban-daban.

Kafin gabatarwar polycarboxylic acid admixtures, akwai lignosulfonate admixtures, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, melamine formaldehyde condensates, acetone sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, sulfamate formaldehyde condensates, da dai sauransu ya dauki da sauri a cikin gubar Japan. polycarboxylic acid na tushen ruwa masu rage yawan ruwa. Sabbin-sabon ƙarni na wakilan superplasticizer na tushen polycarboxylic acid sun samu sama da ƴan kura-kurai na wakilan superplasticizer na yau da kullun. Ya rage sashi, m downturn riƙe yadda ya dace, low kankare shrinking, m daidaitacce a cikin kwayoyin tsarin, m m ga high yi, da kuma high masana'antu yi. Fitattun fa'idodin sun haɗa da rashin amfani da formaldehyde yayin yin haka.

Yanke ƙuduri

Don haɗakar da ma'aikatan polycarboxylate superplasticizer, ƙirar ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta tana da mahimmanci, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin sarƙoƙi na farko a cikin kwayar halitta, ƙarancin sarkar gefe, da tsayin sarkar gefe. Dabarun haɗakarwa galibi sun ƙunshi tsarin grafting na cikin-wuri, polymerization na farko da kuma bayan wannan tsarin aikin, da kuma kai tsaye copolymerization na monomers.

1. In-wuri polymerization grafting Hanyar

Yin amfani da polyether a matsayin matsakaici don amsawar polymerization na monomers marasa daidaituwa yana ba da damar babban sarkar polymerization da intro na sassan gefe don ci gaba a lokaci guda. Tsarin yana da sauƙi, kuma ana iya daidaita nauyin kwayoyin halitta na wakilcin raguwar ruwa da aka haɗa zuwa wani mataki. Koyaya, wannan hanyar ta haɗa da ester. Halin sinadarai abu ne mai sauƙi don gyara halayen kuma ana aiwatar da shi a cikin sabis na ruwa, yana haifar da ƙarancin farashi mai sauƙi kuma an rabu da shi a hankali.

2. Polymerization na farko da kuma bayan wannan fasaha na aiki

Wannan dabara gabaɗaya ita ke kera sarkar farko na wakilin superplasticizer da farko, sannan tana amfani da wasu hanyoyi daban-daban don gabatar da sarƙoƙin gefe don aiki. Wannan fasaha yana da wuyar gudu. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na superplasticizer wakili yana da tsauri kuma monomers ba su da isasshen dacewa, yin amfani da wannan hanyar an iyakance shi sosai.

3. Monomer madaidaiciyar hanyar copolymerization

Wannan hanya ita ce da farko a shirya macromonomers masu kuzari sannan kuma a haɗa ƙananan monomers da macromonomers a cikin wani magani mai ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙaddamarwar mai farawa. Yayin da tsarin haɗin macromonomers ke zuwa girma da girma kuma ana samun nau'ikan nau'ikan girma, wannan dabarar haɗakarwa ta zama ɗayan mafi yawan amfani da hanyar da ake amfani da ita don haɗar wakilin polyesteric acid superplasticizer a wannan lokacin.

Fa'idodi da rashin amfani

A cikin ɗimbin ayyuka na kankare, daidaitaccen siminti mai inganci kamar jerin naphthalene, ba zai iya ci gaba da iya biyan buƙatun aikin ba saboda gazawar aikin fasaha. Sabon-ƙarni na superplasticizer wakili wanda ya jawo hankalin da yawa a gida da waje, polycarboxylic acid tushen babban aikin superplasticizer wakili, a haƙiƙa ya haifar da ingantaccen tsarin kwayoyin halitta bisa tsarin siminti da aka rarraba. Yana da nau'in tarwatsawa sosai kuma yana iya hana kankare asarar baƙin ciki. Ba ya haifar da jinkiri a bayyane, yana sanya babban tasirin filastik a ƙananan allurai, yana da kyakkyawan riƙewar ruwa, yana da babban matakin sassauci a cikin kankare daidaitawa zuwa ɗimbin tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, yana da sabbin abubuwa da yawa na wucin gadi, kuma yana da sarari mai ban mamaki don babba. yi. Yana da kyau don ƙarfafawar kankare. Sakamakon yana da ban mamaki. Yana iya rage ƙanƙancewa na kankare kuma ya rage girman abun ciki na yanar gizo mai haɗari da sauran halayen fasaha daban-daban, yana ba da ingantaccen gini na musamman da aikin gini, babban ci gaba mai ƙarfi, ƙaƙƙarfan tauri, da babban aikin superplasticizer na tushen polycarboxylic acid. ingantattun fa'idodin ingantaccen fasahar fasaha da ayyukan kula da muhalli sun dace da buƙatun ayyukan kankare na zamani. Saboda haka, polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance superplasticizer admixtures sannu a hankali yana ƙarewa a matsayin zaɓi na farko na admixtures don ƙirƙirar siminti mai girma. A cewar rahotanni, amfani da polycarboxylic acid admixtures a Japan yana wakiltar fiye da kashi 80% na duk abubuwan da ke da girma, kuma Amurka, Kanada, da Turai suna wakiltar fiye da 50%. A cikin ƙasata, an yi amfani da wakilan superplasticizer na polycarboxylate yadda ya kamata a cikin babban tanadin ruwa, gada, makamashin nukiliya, da ayyukan jirgin ƙasa kamar Dam ɗin Gorges Uku, Gadar Sutong, Tashar Nukiliya ta Tianwan, da Babban Jirgin Sama na Beijing-Shanghai, kuma suna da ya sami sakamako na musamman.

A lokaci guda, wakilan polycarboxylate superplasticizer suma suna da wasu matsaloli:

1. Rashin isasshen slump riƙewa a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi.

2. Ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi. Idan wannan wakilin polycarboxylate superplasticizer aka gina a lokuta daban-daban, da ɓacin rai riƙe da kankare lalle ne da gaske daban-daban. 

3. Akwai 'yan samfurori masu amfani, kuma yana da wuyar gamsar da buƙatun buƙatun siminti mai tsayi da tsayin daka, ginin zafin jiki da gini mara kyau, aikin riga-kafi na simintin ƙwanƙwasa-farko, da ƙarfin siminti.

4. High kauri, high admixture, low A cikin shirye-shiryen da aka shirya na ruwa-ciminti siminti, danko na kankare ne high, wanda ba don ginawa.

5. Yana da matukar damuwa ga abun cikin gidan yanar gizon laka na yashi da tarin tsakuwa.

6. Yana da ƙarancin sassauci ga yashi masana'antu kuma yana kula da kashi, wanda ke tasiri ginin da ginawa.

Maroki

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(Maɓalli na fasaha na aikace-aikacen polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer)