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Na kowa superplasticizers sun hada da lignosulfonates da abubuwan da suka samo asali, Advanced polyols da polyol complexes, hydroxy carboxylic acid da salts, polyvinyl ethers da abubuwan da suka samo asali, da dai sauransu. sulfonate formaldehyde condensation polymer, da dai sauransu.

Lignin superplasticizer

Lignin superplasticizer ya hada da calcium lignosulfonate (calcium lignosulfonate), sodium lignosulfonate (sodium lignosulfonate), magnesium lignosulfonate (magnesium lignosulfonate), da dai sauransu.

Itace superplasticizer na itace ya dogara ne akan sharar ruwa na ɓangaren litattafan almara na sulfite daga samar da ɓangaren litattafan almara ko ɓangaren litattafan fiber a matsayin ɗanyen abu kuma an cire shi da madarar lemun tsami. Foda mai launin ruwan kasa da aka shirya ta hanyar cire sukari ta hanyar haifuwar halittu, ƙafewa da tattarawa, da bushewar feshi. Nasa ne da surfactant na anionic polymer, adadin da ya dace na itacen calcium superplasticizer shine gabaɗaya 0.2% -0.3% na ingancin siminti. Adadin raguwar ruwa shine 10% -15%, kuma ƙarfin matsi na kwanaki 28 na kankare yana ƙaruwa da 10% -20%. Idan babu raguwar ruwa, za a iya ƙara slump na kankare da 80% 100mm; idan ƙarfin matsawa da slump na kankare ya kasance baya canzawa, adadin siminti zai iya adana kusan 10%. Itacen calcium superplasticizer yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan kankare, kuma tasirinsa na jinkirta yana da mahimmanci idan an ƙara shi da yawa ko kuma a ƙananan zafin jiki, kuma yana iya rage ƙarfin simintin.

Za a iya amfani da superplasticizer na itace a cikin ayyukan kankare na gabaɗaya, musamman a cikin babban yanki mai zubewa, ginin sikeli, famfo siminti da ginin rani. Bai kamata a yi amfani da superplasticizer na itace kadai ba a cikin ginin hunturu. Lokacin da mafi ƙarancin zafin rana ya ƙasa da 5 ℃, yakamata a haɗa shi tare da wakili mai ƙarfi da wuri ko maganin daskarewa. Bai kamata a yi amfani da na'urar simintin calcium na itace kaɗai ba a cikin simintin da aka warkar da tururi da simintin da aka riga aka dasa don guje wa sassautawa a saman simintin da aka yi wa tururi.

Naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer

Naphthalene superplasticizer an yi shi daga naphthalene ko naphthalene homologue ta sulfonation da formaldehyde. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta fi kera NNO, NF, FDN, UNF, MF, Jian I da sauran na'urori masu sarrafa iska, wadanda akasarinsu na'urori ne masu sarrafa iska. Mai rage ruwa ne tare da anthracene superplasticizer, methyl naphthalene superplasticizer, gumarone superplasticizer da cakuda kwal. saboda albarkatunsa sun fito ne daga sassa daban-daban na kwal ta kwal, ana kiranta gabaɗaya coal tar superplasticizer.

Adadin da ya dace na naphthalene superplasticizer shine 0.5% -1.0% na ingancin siminti, rage yawan ruwa shine 10% -25%, kuma ƙarfin 28d na kankare yana ƙaruwa da fiye da 20%. Naphthalene superplasticizer yana da kyakkyawan sakamako na rage ruwa da ƙarfafawa da ƙarfin daidaitawa ga nau'ikan siminti daban-daban. Ya dace da shirya ƙarfin farko, ƙarfin ƙarfi, yanayin kwarara da kuma tururi curing kankare, amma slump asarar yana da girma.

Ruwa mai narkewa guduro superplasticizer

Irin wannan superplasticizer ana yin shi ne daga wasu resins masu narkewar ruwa, irin su melamine resin (melamine superplasticizer) da sauransu. Tasirin ƙarfafa irin wannan superplasticizer yana da ban mamaki, kuma yana da superplasticizer. Kayayyakin cikin gida sun haɗa da SM resin superplasticizer da sauransu. Abubuwan da ke cikin SM superplasticizer shine 0.5% -2.0% na ingancin siminti, ƙimar rage ruwa shine 15% -27%, kuma ƙarfin 3D na kankare na iya ƙara 30% -100% -28d ƙarfi ta 20% - 30%. SM superplasticizer ya dace don shirya simintin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, simintin ƙarfin farkon ƙarfi, kankare ruwa da simintin maganin tururi.

Polycarboxylate superplasticizer

An samar da polycarboxylate superplasticizer a cikin 1980s. Gabaɗaya magana, polycarboxylate superplasticizer za a iya raba kashi biyu: ɗaya yana grafting daban-daban polyoxyethylene (EO) ko polyoxypropylene (PO) rassan sarƙoƙi tare da maleic anhydride a matsayin babban sarkar, da kuma sauran shi ne methacrylic acid (EO) ko (PO) rassan sarƙoƙi. .

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(Mene ne nau'in superplasticizer?)